Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Medication †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Medication. Answer: Introduction: A beautiful mind is a movie which was released in the year 2001 and is based on the life of John Nash, an exemplary brilliant but antisocial mathematical genius. In the movie John Nash is plagued with a life long illness with Schizophrenia. The film is set in a time frame where John Nash wax aware of his illness and moving to the point at which he and his wife find a way to manage his condition(Nasar,2011) Schizophrenia is the mental illness depicted in the movie. The illness groped John Nash at a very early age in his life, which later though he successfully overcame, after winning the noble prize. The illness refers to losing touch with the reality and displaying symptoms of mental illusions. In the movie it is shown that John Nash suffered from a very specific type of Schizophrenia called the Paranoid Schizophrenia (Rahman, 2017) The 5 major symptoms of the illness which are clearly visible can be divided into 5 categories. Behavioural symptoms lead to social isolation, disorganized behaviour, hostility, self-harm, repetitive movements (Carbon Correll, 2014). Secondly, there are signs in mood changes. Some of the moods which come along the illness are anger, loss of interest in activities, elevated mood and inappropriate emotional response. Thirdly, speech disorder, incoherent speech is some of the symptoms in speech. Fourthly, the patient faces psychological symptoms like hallucination, depression, fear, delusion and paranoia. Lastly, cognitive symptoms include mental confusion, memory loss, amnesia, having a belief that some ordinary vent has a special meaning attached to it, disorientation of thoughts etc. These are the major symptoms of the illness which are divided in the above mentioned 5 category. A person suffering from the disease is prone to have all or some of these symptoms, and experiences them on a day to day basis (Butcher, Hooley Mineka, 2015) The prevalence of the illness in UAE is 0.7% of the adult population, which is in sync with the global data from WHO (World health organization) .The problem with the illness in UAE, is that there are strong chances that it might go unnoticed, because of lack of education and a mental stigma. It is also mentioned in a health report that cases of this illness are under reported. The world figure states at 1.1% of the human population suffers from this illness, or in other world, 51 million people are suffering from this illness, and China being the country of most number of reported cases(Lee, Nurjono, Wong Salim, 2017) There are various impacts on the individual, family as well as the workplace in which the individual works. If Socio-cultural impacts are considered then individually the patient is kept in isolation, with not much of an interaction with the society. He is treated differently in a light of sympathy, rather than being empathetic. The family of such patient are put down by the society as not responsible parents, unable to take care of their child. The stigma present in the society disallows such families to be a part of social gatherings. Also, at the workplace, It will be difficult to justify the job role, biasedness will occur in the organization. Not giving the ownership for the work and enough responsibility. Spiritually as well the person and his environment are deeply affected. It is possible to have either of the two effects on the individual, either he may turn extremely spiritual and look forward to god saving his life, or in other case, being an absolute atheist. Most families end up becoming extremely devoted to god, and wait for gods charisma to shower on their child. Workplace involves a lot of teamwork, in this particular case, people will be very judging of ones behaviour which might not give him mental peace, resulting in frustration, anger and disappointment in the individual at the workplace. In the movie, the nursing diagnoses with the patient are careful and appropriate. Visiting the secret department of defence facility in pentagon, John Nash gets extremely baffled and disturbed after he breaks the code, assigned to him, and when he is asked to do a further analysis of it, he gets paranoid and highly delusional(Fortinash Worret, 2014). Alicai (Wife of John Nash) opens up the mailbox and retrieves the letter which John Nash had delivered to pentagon, the letters were unopened, it made John Nash realize that he has been hallucinating and it was his delusion making him belief that he got in touch with the secretory at pentagon and has provided him with confidential information. Also, his assumptions that the Soviets are spying on him got cleared at a later stage (Stuart, 2014) The nurse was keeping the voice in low tone while listening to the patient, using clear or simple words and keeping the direction as simple as possible. This was because it is proven that high pitched voice can lead to anxiety, which further elevates the problem, on the other hand, low pitch helps in better understanding thus helps to diagnose the problem in a much more efficient manner. Focussing and directing the attention of the patient towards the things which are actually present in the environment. Make him touch the things with his fingers to help him get out of his hallucination and paranoia. The direct relation of drawing the attention of the patient towards the things in the environment is linked with drawing focus to the reality. This helps the patient in moving away from delusions and focussing on the hard hit reality, very effective. Schizophrenia as explained earlier is a severe chronic mental disorder which is characterized by hallucinations, abnormal behaviour, and psychotic disorder and so on. In this illness a person finds it really difficult to identify with the reality (Scigliano Ronchetti, 2013) some of the different forms of treatment, which are in line with the side effects of the illness and there are various treatments available for the same. Weight Management is important as multiple anti-psychotic drugs cause increase in weight of the patient. Treating the weight problems might lead to better lifestyle and is also proven to cure the medical illness; regular exercise also helps in weight management (Khanra, Khess Srivastava, 2015) Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is a type of intervention with the patient can help in his changing patterns, his destructive thought might sublime and his disruptive way of living might improve. This also helps the patients to test the reality of their thoughts and strike a balance with the reality (Ohta, 2017) Some more forms of treatment are Social Skills Training, Supported employment and Medical treatments including Zyprexa, Risperdal, Seroquel, Geodon, Invega. There are various side effects of the treatment like uncontrollable movements. The drugs given to patient might lead to several complications like tremors, ticks, and muscle spasm. Such uncontrolled movements might be source of trouble in the daily life and can cause serious concern for the family of the patient (Carrier, 2016) Weight Increase is one of the strongest side effects of the illness is weight gain. In almost 60% of the cases of the illness patients tend to gain weight. Weight disorder alleviates the problem and hence it is very much advised to maintain proper eating habits, exercise on a daily basis and keep the weight under check (Australian, 2017) Some other side effects are Drowsiness, Dizziness, Dry Mouth, Restlessness, Constipation and Nausea. There are few ways to manage the illness. The most important ways are weight management, healthy diet, regular exercise and family support. Healthy Diet and regular exercise is proven by scientist and doctors that it is very important to prevent any illness and at the same time mask the effect of a chronic illness. A diet enriched in nutrition at regular intervals can create wonders for the illness. In the similar manner regular exercise, cardio, yoga and other such exercises keeps the patient in a good state of mind and helps in elevating his confidence level. Family Support is also very important as this illness has side effects of depression, sad thoughts, disorientation in his memory etc. At this point in time what he actually requires is the care of his family and the support they lend to him in his difficult times. A loving, caring and supportive family can do what sometimes medicine cannot. Thus highly advisable for families of such kind of illness to support the patient and t ry to spend as much time as possible with them. References: Australian, R. (2017). Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. Butcher, J. N., Hooley, J. M., Mineka, S. M. (2015).Abnormal psychology. Pearson Higher Ed. Carbon, M., Correll, C. U. (2014). Thinking and acting beyond the positive: the role of the cognitive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.CNS spectrums,19(S1), 35-53. Carrier, C. (2016).TITLE: Reporting side effects of medication among individuals with schizophrenia: A qualitative study(Doctoral dissertation, McMaster University). Fortinash, K. M., Worret, P. A. H. (2014).Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Khanra, S., Khess, C. R. J., Srivastava, N. (2015). Chronic non-fatal Datura abuse in a patient of paranoid schizophrenia: a case report.Addictive behaviors,43, 39-41. Lee, J., Nurjono, M., Wong, A., Salim, A. (2017). Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with schizophrenia in Singapore. Nasar, S. (2011).A beautiful mind. Simon and Schuster. Ohta, H. (2017). Decreased thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin-releasing hormone concentration: case report.Reactions,1672, 45-7. Rahman, T. M. (2017).THE VIOLATION OF GRICES CONVERSATIONAL MAXIMS PERFORMED BY JOHN NASH IN A BEAUTIFUL MINDMOVIE(Doctoral dissertation, UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya). Scigliano, G., Ronchetti, G. (2013). Antipsychotic-induced metabolic and cardiovascular side effects in schizophrenia: a novel mechanistic hypothesis.CNS drugs,27(4), 249-257. Stuart, G. W. (2014).Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.